Table of Contents
What is Roman Number?
The Roman numbers are a numeral system from ancient Rome and are recognized & written using the English alphabet letters.
For example, the letter “I” represents the number 1, “V” represents the number 5, and “X” represents the number 10. The use of Roman numbers can be seen in many places, such as in the names of emperors and popes, on clock faces, and in the numbering of book chapters and movie sequels. Roman numerals are still used today in some contexts, such as in the numbering of movie sequels, and in the numbering of Super Bowls, the World Series, and many others.
Only 23 letters of the English alphabet are used for writing. J, U, and W are not considered Roman numerals.
These letters are used:
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, and Z.
Roman Numbers Writing Rules
- The basic symbols are I, V, X, L, C, D, & M, representing the values 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, & 1,000 respectively.
- It uses a subtractive notation, meaning that certain letter combinations represent specific values. For example, “IV” represents the number 4, & “XLV” represents the number 45.
- The numeral “I” can be placed before “V” & “X” to represent numbers 4 and 9, respectively.
- The numeral “X” can be placed before “L” & “C” to represent numbers 40 and 90, respectively.
- The numeral “C” can be placed before “D” & “M” to represent numbers 400 and 900, respectively.
- It should be read from left to right, and the value of the numeral is determined by its position within the number, is usually written in uppercase letters, but it’s also possible to use lowercase letters, but it’s less common.
- It does not have a symbol for zero.
- Roman numerals do not have a symbol for a decimal point or a negative sign.
In this article, you will learn how to write numbers in Roman numerals using a chart containing numbers counting from 1 to 100.
Roman Numerals 1 to 100
| English Numbers | Roman Numbers | Value of Number |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | 1 |
| 2 | II | 1+1 |
| 3 | III | 1+1+1 |
| 4 | IV | 5-1 |
| 5 | V | 5 |
| 6 | VI | 5+1 |
| 7 | VII | 5+1+1 |
| 8 | VIII | 5+1+1+1 |
| 9 | IX | 10-1 |
| 10 | X | 10 |
| 11 | XI | 10+1 |
| 12 | XII | 10+1+1 |
| 13 | XIII | 10+1+1+1 |
| 14 | XIV | 10+5-1 |
| 15 | XV | 10+5 |
| 16 | XVI | 10+5+1 |
| 17 | XVII | 10+5+1+1 |
| 18 | XVIII | 10+5+1+1+1 |
| 19 | XIX | 10+10-1 |
| 20 | XX | 10+10 |
| 21 | XXI | 10+10+1 |
| 22 | XXII | 10+10+1+1 |
| 23 | XXIII | 10+10+1+1+1 |
| 24 | XXIV | 10+10+5-1 |
| 25 | XXV | 10+10+5 |
| 26 | XXVI | 10+10+5+1 |
| 27 | XXVII | 10+10+5+1+1 |
| 28 | XXVIII | 10+10+5+1+1+1 |
| 29 | XXIX | 10+10+10-1 |
| 30 | XXX | 10+10+10 |
| 31 | XXXI | 10+10+10+1 |
| 32 | XXXII | 10+10+10+1+1 |
| 33 | XXXIII | 10+10+10+1+1+1 |
| 34 | XXXIV | 10+10+10+5-1 |
| 35 | XXXV | 10+10+10+5 |
| 36 | XXXVI | 10+10+10+5+1 |
| 37 | XXXVII | 10+10+10+5+1+1 |
| 38 | XXXVIII | 10+10+10+5+1+1+1 |
| 39 | XXXIX | 10+10+10+10-1 |
| 40 | XL | 50-10 |
| 41 | XLI | 50-10+1 |
| 42 | XLII | 50-10+1+1 |
| 43 | XLIII | 50-10+1+1+1 |
| 44 | XLIV | 50-10+5-1 |
| 45 | XLV | 50-10+5 |
| 46 | XLVI | 50-10+5+1 |
| 47 | XLVII | 50-10+5+1+1 |
| 48 | XLVIII | 50-10+5+1+1+1 |
| 49 | XLIX | 50-10+10-1 |
| 50 | L | 50 |
| 51 | LI | 50+1 |
| 52 | LII | 50+1+1 |
| 53 | LIII | 50+1+1+1 |
| 54 | LIV | 50+5-1 |
| 55 | LV | 50+5 |
| 56 | LVI | 50+5+1 |
| 57 | LVII | 50+5+1+1 |
| 58 | LVIII | 50+5+1+1+1 |
| 59 | LIX | 50+10-1 |
| 60 | LX | 50+10 |
| 61 | LXI | 50+10+1 |
| 62 | LXII | 50+10+1+1 |
| 63 | LXIII | 50+10+1+1+1 |
| 64 | LXIV | 50+10+5-1 |
| 65 | LXV | 50+10+5 |
| 66 | LXVI | 50+10+5+1 |
| 67 | LXVII | 50+10+5+1+1 |
| 68 | LXVIII | 50+10+5+1+1+1 |
| 69 | LXIX | 50+10+10-1 |
| 70 | LXX | 50+10+10 |
| 71 | LXXI | 50+10+10+1 |
| 72 | LXXII | 50+10+10+1+1 |
| 73 | LXXIII | 50+10+10+1+1+1 |
| 74 | LXXIV | 50+10+10+5-1 |
| 75 | LXXV | 50+10+10+5 |
| 76 | LXXVI | 50+10+10+5+1 |
| 77 | LXXVII | 50+10+10+5+1+1 |
| 78 | LXXVIII | 50+10+10+5+1+1+1 |
| 79 | LXXIX | 50+10+10+10-1 |
| 80 | LXXX | 50+10+10+10 |
| 81 | LXXXI | 50+10+10+10+1 |
| 82 | LXXXII | 50+10+10+10+1+1 |
| 83 | LXXXIII | 50+10+10+10+1+1+1 |
| 84 | LXXXIV | 50+10+10+10+5-1 |
| 85 | LXXXV | 50+10+10+10+5 |
| 86 | LXXXVI | 50+10+10+10+5+1 |
| 87 | LXXXVII | 50+10+10+10+5+1+1 |
| 88 | LXXXVIII | 50+10+10+10+5+1+1+1 |
| 89 | LXXXIX | 50+10+10+10+10-1 |
| 90 | XC | 100-10 |
| 91 | XCI | 100-10+1 |
| 92 | XCII | 100-10+1+1 |
| 93 | XCIII | 100-10+1+1+1 |
| 94 | XCIV | 100-10+5-1 |
| 95 | XCV | 100-10+5 |
| 96 | XCVI | 100-10+5+1 |
| 97 | XCVII | 100-10+5+1+1 |
| 98 | XCVIII | 100-10+5+1+1+1 |
| 99 | XCIX | 100-10+10-1 |
| 100 | C | 100 |
Roman Numerals from 1 to 1000
| 1 | I |
| 2 | II |
| 3 | III |
| 4 | IV |
| 5 | V |
| 6 | VI |
| 7 | VII |
| 8 | VIII |
| 9 | IX |
| 10 | X |
| 11 | XI |
| 20 | XX |
| 30 | XXX |
| 40 | XL |
| 50 | L |
| 60 | LX |
| 70 | LXX |
| 80 | LXXX |
| 90 | XC |
| 100 | C |
| 200 | CC |
| 300 | CCC |
| 400 | CD |
| 500 | D |
| 600 | DC |
| 700 | DCC |
| 800 | DCCC |
| 900 | CM |
| 1000 | M |
| 1001 | MI |
Converting Roman Numerals to Numbers
Romans used these letters for Unit place numbers that are the same for all numbers for their Unit place.
- I for 1
- II for 2
- III for 3
- IV for 4
- V for 5
- VI for 6
- VII for 7
- VIII for 8
- IX for 9
Each number has 1 to 9 digits in a Unit placed in numbers, only the tenth, hundredth, thousand places, etc. are changed each time.
There is a simple rule to write this number, suppose you have to write 11 in roman numerals, then you have to write its tenth and unit place numbers. 11 is the sum of 10+1, X is used to present 10, and I is used to giving 1, so the number is XI.
Rule 1: If there is a larger number in the form of tens, hundreds, etc., then the number after it is added separately.
- VIII = 8 (5+1+1+1)
- LX = 60 (50+10)
- MCC = 1200 (1000+100+100)
Rule 2: If there is a smaller number in the form of tens, hundreds, etc., then the number after that is subtracted from the leftmost number.
- IV = 4 (5-1)
- IX = 9 (10-1)
- XL = 40 (50-10)
Solved Examples
Ex 1: Write 88 in roman numerals
Solution:
88 = 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1
= LXXXVIII
Ex 2: Convert 569 into roman numerals
Solution:
569 = 500 + 50 + 10 + 9
= DLXIX
Ex 3: 79 in roman numerals
Solution:
79 = 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 – 1
50 = L
10 = X
10 – 1 = IX
So, 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 – 1 = LXXIX
Ex 4: Convert XCIII roman numerals into numbers
Solution:
XC = 100 – 10 = 90
III = 3
So, XCIII is 93
Ex 5: 1000 in roman numerals
Solution:
1000 = M
M is used to represent 1000
Ex 6: 10000 in roman numerals
Solution:
10000 = X̅
Ex 7: 101 in roman numerals
Solution:
101 = 100 + 1
100 = C
1 = I
= CI
Ex 8: 11 in roman numerals
Solution:
11 = 10 + 1
10 = X
1 = I
= XI
Ex 9: 111 in roman numerals
Solution:
111 = 100 + 10 + 1
100 = C
10 = X
1 = I
= CXI
Ex 10: 13 in roman numerals
Solution:
13 = 10 + 3
10 = X
3 = III
= XIII
Ex 11: 14 in roman numerals
Solution:
14 = 10 + 4
10 = X
4 = 5 – 4 = V – I = IV
Ex 12: 15 in roman numerals
Solution:
15 = 10 + 5
10 = X
5 = V
= XV
Ex 13: 16 in roman numerals
Solution:
16 = 10 + 5 + 1
10 = X
5 = V
1 = I
= XVI
Ex 14: 17 in roman numerals
Solution:
17 = 10 + 5 + 2
10 = X
5 = V
2 = II
= XVII
Ex 15: 18 in roman numerals
Solution:
18 = 10 + 5 + 3
10 = X
5 = V
3 = III
= XVIII
Ex 16: 19 in roman numerals
Solution:
19 = 10 + 9
10 = X
9 = IX
= XIX
Ex 17: 1942 in roman numerals
Solution:
1942 = 1000 + 900 + 40 + 2
1942 = 1000 + (1000 – 100) + (50 – 10) + (1 + 1)
1000 = M
900 = 1000 – 100 = M – C = CM
40 = 50 – 10 = L – X = XL
2 = II
= MCMXLII
Ex 18: 1957 in roman numerals
Solution:
1957 = 1000 + 900 + 50 + 5 + 2
1000 = M
900 = 1000 – 100 = M – C = CM
50 = L
5 = V
2 = II
1957 = MCMLVII
Ex 19: 1963 in roman numerals
Solution:
1963 = 1000 + 900 + 50 + 10 + 3
1963 = 1000 + (1000 – 100) + 50 + 10 + (1+1+1)
1963 = M + (M – C) + L + X + III
1963 = M + CM + L + X + III
1963 = MCMLXIII
Ex 20: 1964 in roman numerals
Solution:
1964 = 1000 + 900 + 50 + 10 + 4
1964 = 1000 + (1000 – 100) + 50 + 10 + (5 – 1)
1964 = M + (M – C) + L + X + (V – I)
1964 = M + CM + L + X + IV
1964 = MCMLXIV
Ex 21: 569 in roman numerals
Solution:
569 = 500 + 50 + 10 + 9
569 = D + L + X + IX
569 = DLXIX
